Compared to castings, metal undergoes improved microstructure and mechanical properties after forging. After undergoing hot deformation through forging, the original coarse dendritic and columnar grain structure of the casting is transformed into a finer, more uniformly sized equiaxed recrystallized structure due to metal deformation and recrystallization. This process compacts and welds together the original segregation, porosity, gas holes, and inclusions within the ingot, resulting in a more compact microstructure that enhances the metal's ductility and mechanical properties.

The mechanical properties of castings are inferior to those of forgings made from the same material. Additionally, forging processes ensure the continuity of the metal fiber structure, aligning the fiber structure with the forging's external shape and maintaining the integrity of the metal flow lines. This guarantees the parts have excellent mechanical properties and a long service life. Forgings produced using precision die forging, cold extrusion, or warm extrusion processes are unmatched by castings.

Forgings are objects formed by applying pressure to metal through plastic deformation to achieve the desired shape or appropriate compressive force. This force is typically achieved using hammers or pressure. The forging process creates a refined grain structure and improves the physical properties of the metal. In the practical application of components, a proper design can align the grain flow with the direction of the main stress. Castings are metal components obtained through various casting methods, i.e., molten metal is poured into pre-prepared molds using methods such as pouring, pressure casting, suction, or other casting techniques. After cooling, the castings undergo sand removal, cleaning, and post-processing to produce objects with specific shapes, dimensions, and properties.